Provisional Norms of Psychotherapy Sessions for Measures of the Referential Process

Bernard Maskit

Treatment Data Base: There is a more recent treatment data base consisting of the referential process measures applied to 639 sessions from 22 distinct treatments. this includes average or normative data for both patient and therapist for the following measures: Number of Words, Number of Turns of Speech; Mean Negative Affect; Mean Positive Affect; Mean Neutral Affect; Mean Total Affect; Mean Disfluency; Mean Reflection; Mean Sensory-Somatic; Mean Valence; Mean WRAD (Weighted Referential Activity Dictionary; Mean High WRAD; Mean WRAD High Proportion; Mean WRRL (Weighted Reflection-Reorganizing List); and the covariations between these measures. Further information can be obtained from BMaskit@thereferentialprocess.org

Provisional Norms: DAAP data were collected based on a set of 24 psychotherapy sessions from distinct treatments. The means and standard deviations for some of the variables are shown in the table below. Paired t-tests show that the difference in means is significant for Reflection (t = -2.763, p = .011); High WRAD Proportion (t = 3.727, p = .001); and Mean WRAD (t = 5.206, p = .000). The patient and therapist speech for these variables are also highly correlated. For Reflection, r = .671 (p = .000); for HWP, r = .472 (p = .020); and for Mean WRAD r = .679 (p = .000). For MHW, the difference in means is not significant, the correlation is .408 (p = .048). Negative Affect (r = .474, p = .019) and Sensory-Somatic (r = .473, p = .020) for patient and therapist speech are also correlated.

Covariations for the therapist are generally not computed, see the DAAP Technical Manual.

These data are in the process of being extended by adding additional session material and are also being compared to a large demographically balanced sample of spoken American English. 

Showing 12 items
MeasurePatient MeanPatient SDTherapist MeanTherapist SD
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MeasurePatient MeanPatient SDTherapist MeanTherapist SD
AFFNeg .0139 .0056 .0136 .0108 
AFFPos .0118 .0037 .0109 .0050 
AFFSum .0418 .0081 .0444 .0198 
AFFZ .0161 .0066 .0199 .0115 
Disfluency .0497 .0221 .0341 .0197 
High WRAD Prop. (HWP) .2124 .1266 .1247 .0764 
Mean High WRAD (MHW) .0446 .0129 .0544 .0307 
Mean WRAD .4326 .0350 .4044 .0276 
Reflection (REF) .0933 .0182 .1049 .0273 
SenSom .0207 .0066 .0218 .0116 
Word Count 4129 1184 616.6 466.3 
WRAD/REF Covariation -0.2877 .0947   
Showing 12 items