Bernard Maskit and Wilma Bucci The unweighted dictionaries (lists of words with a common theme) that are commonly used in DAAP analyses are listed below, along with their definitions. These content dictionaries were originally developed by first compiling a list of all words (types) in all texts in our archive, and eliminating the function words. Each of these words was scored by three judges as to whether or not this word belongs in any of these dictionaries. For each dictionary, if all three judges agreed, then the word was included in the dictionary; if two of the three judges agreed that it should be included, then the final decision was left to a fourth judge. Under these circumstances, the word was included in the dictionary if and only if the fourth judge agreed that it should be. These content dictionaries are all dynamic. That is, for each new project using these dictionaries, a new list of words that had not as yet been judged for inclusion in these dictionaries was generated, and each word in this new list judged for inclusion by three judges. If all three judges agreed, then the word was added to the existing dictionary; if two of the three judges agreed that the word should be included, then the final decision was made by a fourth judge. Affect (Aff):Words that concern how people feel and communicate feelings directly. This includes emotion labels (e.g., angry, sad, happy); functions associated with affective arousal (e.g., cried, screams, dare, fight, giggled); functions indicating motivation (e.g., need, try); words implicitly associated with affect (e.g., alone, against); evaluations indicating an affective response, either positive or negative (e.g., cute, gross, lousy, terrific, wonderful, important). The affect words are further classified as Positive (AffP), Negative (AffN) and Mixed Affect (AffZ) words. Negative affect words are yet further classified into four groups: Depression (AffND), Hostility (AffNH), Pain (AffNP) and Fear (AffNF). Positive affect words are further classified into five groups: Admiration (AffPA), Happy (AffPH), Love (AffPL), Strength (AffPS) and Wonder (AffPW). The definitions of Positive and Negative Affect are self explanatory; AffZ words are words that seem to have an affective or emotional loading, but are neither Positive, nor Negative (e.g. anticipate, attitude, evoked, idealizing, overwhelmed, serious). Use of these Mixed Affect words may be an indication of a search for words (the arousal phase of the referential process), defensiveness and/or disturbance since they refer to emotion, but in a non-specific, disconnected manner. Disfluency (Df):A limited set of items that people use when struggling to communicate; searching for the right words; apparently not quite able to express what they mean: as in "then I, like, I mean, you know, um, like, I finally kind of decided that ..." DAAP also counts incomplete words, repeated words and repeated two word phrases as disfluencies. (Technical note: DAAP considers apostrophes as word separators, so the phrase "I think I think" is a repeated two word phrase, but the phrase "I don't I don't" is not.) Negation (Neg):A limited set of items that people use when negating in communication (e.g. no, not, never, nor) Reflection (Ref):Ref words concern how people think and communicate thoughts. This category includes words referring to cognitive or logical functions (e.g., assume, think, plan) or entities (e.g., reason, cause, consequence); problems or failures of cognitive or logical functions (e.g., confuse); complex verbal communicative functions (e.g., comment, convince, argue, obfuscate); features of mental functioning (e.g., creative, logical). Sensory Somatic (SenS):A set of words pertaining to bodily
and or sensory experience (e.g., dizzy, eye, face, listen). Words in this dictionary tend to be in higher
proportion along with subject’s higher ratings of arousal. Work in Progress: This dictionary is in the process of being further subdivided into 8 non-overlapping subdictionaries. These are S1:Body, S2:Sensory, S3:Motion, S4:Food, S5:Miscellaneous, S7:Relationships, S8:Sex and S9:Illness. Theme Measures:The DAAP measures also include a set of 26 theme measures that cover a range of topics relevant to psychotherapy and psychoanalysis. These are listed below.
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DAAP Dictionary Definitions |